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Current wikipedia STATUS (as of Sunday December 29, 2024): Still here.

Q----- Wikipedia is a WikiWiki, meaning that anybody can easily edit any article and have those changes posted immediately. This page is the reference for Wiki markup. You might also want to learn about:

how to start a page
informal tips on contributing to Wikipedia
editing tasks in general at the Wikipedia:Editing FAQ
layout conventions, at the Wikipedia:Manual of Style
Wikipedia:Naming conventions for articles themselves
... and finally, the full kaboodle of utilities for editors.

It's very easy to edit a Wiki page. Simply click on the "Edit this page" link at the left (also on the bottom and top) of a Wiki page to change the page itself, or click on "Discuss this page" link and then on "Edit this page" to write on the corresponding talk page. This will bring you to a page with a text box containing the editable text of that Wiki page.

Then type away, write a short edit summary on the small field below the edit-box and when finished press "Save"! You can also preview your changes before saving if you like.

Depending on your system, pressing Enter while the edit box is not active (there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing Save.

It is often more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your favorite text editor, edit and spell check there, and then paste back into the browser to preview. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you authored so that you can make changes offline.

The wiki markup

In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects were achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column.

You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference. If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the Sandbox.

Sections, Paragraphs, Lists and Lines

What it looks like	What you type
Start your sections with header lines: New Section [edit] Subsection [edit] Sub-subsection [edit]	== New Section == === Subsection === ==== Sub-subsection ====
A single newline has no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. This aids editing and improves the diff function. But an empty line starts a new paragraph.	A single newline has no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. This aids editing and improves the ''diff'' function. But an empty line starts a new paragraph.
You can break lines without starting a new paragraph.	You can break lines<br> without starting a new paragraph.
Lists are easy to do: start every line with a star more stars means deeper levels	* Lists are easy to do: start every line with a star more stars means deeper levels
Numbered lists are also good Very organized easy to follow	# Numbered lists are also good ## Very organized ## easy to follow
You can even do mixed lists and nest them like this	* You can even do mixed lists # and nest them #* like this
Definition list list of definitions item the item's definition	; Definition list : list of definitions ; item : the item's definition
Lines can be indented several levels	:Lines can be ::indented :::several levels
A colon will indent a line or paragraph. A manual newline starts a new paragraph.	:A colon will indent a line or paragraph. A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
IF a line starts with a space THEN it will be formatted exactly as typed; in a technical looking font; lines won't wrap; ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * ascii art; WARNING If you make it wide, you force the whole page to be wide and hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.	IF a line starts with a space THEN it will be formatted exactly as typed; in a technical looking font; lines won't wrap; ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * ascii art;
Centered text.	<center>Centered text.</center>
A horizontal dividing line: above and below.	A horizontal dividing line: above ---- and below.

Links, URLs, Images

What it looks like	What you type
London has good public transport. First letter of target is automatically capitalized. Internally spaces are automatically represented as underscores (typing an underscore has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended). Thus the link above is to http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport, which is the article with the name "Public transport".	London has good [[public transport]].
Same target, different name: answers.	Same target, different name: [[wikipedia FAQ\|answers]]
Endings are blended into the link: testing, genes	Endings are blended into the link: [[test]]ing, [[gene]]s
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: kingdom. Automatically hide namespace: Village Pump. The server fills in the part after the \| when you save the page.	Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)\|]]. Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village Pump\|]].
When adding a comment to a Talk page, you should sign it. You can do this by adding three tildes for your user name: - Montrealais or four for user name plus date/time: - Montrealais 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)	When adding a comment to a Talk page, you should sign it. You can do this by adding three tildes for your user name: ~~~ or four for user name plus date/time: ~~~~
The weather in London is a page that doesn't exist yet. You can create it by clicking on the link. To create a new page: Create a link to it on some other page. Save that page. Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing. Have a look at how to start a page guide and Wikipedia's naming conventions. After creating a page, search for its title and make sure that everyone correctly links to it.	[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet.
Redirect one article title to another by putting text like this in its first line. Note that there must be no text following this, or the redirect may not work. See Wikipedia:redirect for more.	#REDIRECT [[United States]]
For a special way to link to the article on the same subject in another language, see Wikipedia:Interlanguage links.
External link: Nupedia	External link: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]
Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.	Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com. In the URL all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%-+&#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains another character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written %5E (to be looked up in ASCII).
A picture: Only images that have been uploaded to Wikipedia can be used. To upload images, use the upload page. You can find the uploaded image on the image list. See Wikipedia:Image use policy for many more hints.	A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]] or, with alternate text (preferred) [[Image:Wiki.png\|Wikipedia logo]] which will be displayed in text only browsers, like Lynx displayed in any browser, when display of images is disabled by the user spoken in text to speech browsers, e.g. for blind people displayed in many browsers as a rectangle when the mouse is hoverered over the image
Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: Image:Wiki.png	[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, or to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link. Sound Link to image	[[media:Classical guitar scale.ogg\|Sound]] [[media:Tornado aircraft.jpg\|Link to image]]
To link to books, you can use Wikipedia:ISBN links. ISBN 0123456789X	ISBN 0123456789X

Character formatting

What it looks like	What you type
Emphasize, strongly, very strongly. These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.	''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.
You can also write italic and bold if the desired effect is a specific font style rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulas: F = ma However, the difference between these two methods is not very important, and most people choose to ignore it.	You can also write <i>italic</i> and <b>bold</b> if the desired effect is a specific font style rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulas: :<b>F</b> = <i>m</i><b>a</b>
A typewriter font for `technical terms`.	A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>.
You can use small text for captions.	You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.
You can ~~strike out deleted material~~ and underline new material.	You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike> and <u>underline new material</u>.
Umlauts and accents: (See wikipedia:Special characters) À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô œ õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ	À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô &oelig; õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ
Punctuation: ¿ ¡ « » § ¶ † ‡ • —	¿ ¡ « » § ¶ &dagger; &Dagger; • —
Commercial symbols: ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤	™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤
Subscript: x₂ Superscript: x² or x² The latter method of superscript can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it. ε₀ = 8.85 × 10⁻¹² C² / J m.	Subscript: x<sub>2</sub> Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x² ε<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 × 10<sup>−12</sup> C² / J m.
Greek characters: α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω	α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ &sigmaf; τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω
Math characters: ∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ (See also WikiProject Mathematics)	∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ &prop; &equiv; ≠ ≤ ≥ → × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ &permil; ° &there4; &alefsym; ø ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ &sube; &supe; ¬ &and; &or; ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔
x² ≥ 0 true. To space things out, use non-breaking spaces - ` `. ` ` also prevents line breaks in the middle of text, this is useful in formulas.	<i>x</i><sup>2</sup>  ≥  0 true.
Complicated formulae: $\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}$ See Wikipedia:TeX markup	<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
Suppressing interpretation of markup: Link → (<i>to</i>) the [[Wikipedia FAQ]] Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning. Escapes all wiki markup, including that which looks like HTML tags. Does not escape HTML character entities.	<nowiki>Link → (<i>to</i>) the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki>

Tables

An example table
First header	Second header	Third header
upper left	upper middle	right side
lower left	lower middle	right side
bottom row

<table border="1">
<caption>An example table</caption>
<tr>
<th>First header</th>
<th>Second header</th>
<th>Third header</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>upper left</td>
<td>upper middle</td>
<td rowspan=2>right side</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>lower left</td>
<td>lower middle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" align="center">bottom row</td>
</tr>
</table>

If your table doesn't look right, make sure that all <tr> and <td> tags are closed with corresponding </tr> and </td> tags. Do not indent lines, and do not include empty lines within a table. Otherwise, you will get spurious space above the table or even a browser crash.

Here's a more advanced example, showing some more options available for making up tables. You can play with these settings in your own table to see what effect they have. Keep in mind that though colors are possible, it's best to use them sparingly. You can't use the <thead>, <tfoot> and <tbody> elements. Check the above tables to see what can be done to the text inside the cells.

An example table

First header

Second header

upper left

right side

lower left

lower middle

*A table in a table*

Two Wikipedia logos

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center">
<caption>'''An example table'''</caption>
<tr>
<th style="background:#efefef;">First header</th>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#ffdead;">Second header</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>upper left</td>
<td> </td>
<td rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;" valign="top">
right side</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;">lower left</td>
<td style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;">lower middle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" align="center">
<table border="0">
<caption>''A table in a table''</caption>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="150px">[[Image:wiki.png]]</td>
<td align="center" width="150px">[[Image:wiki.png]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid red; 
border-right:1px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid red; 
border-left:1px solid red;">
Two Wikipedia logos</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

The wiki markup

Sections, Paragraphs, Lists and Lines

New Section

Subsection

Sub-subsection

Links, URLs, Images

Character formatting

Tables

See also